Adapterama

Adapterama is a general approach to making libraries that allows integration and pooling of many libraries.



We began developing Adapterama methods in 2007, when 454 was first becoming available. We did a bunch of stuff (such as SimpleX ligations for UCE captures on birds in the fall of 2009). Some of it worked.


We have been developing and using Adapterama methods for Illumina sequencing since July, 2010. We started by designing primers that worked with Nextera (before Illumina bought EpiCentre). Our primers had custom indexes, so that we could pool more samples in the lane of an Illumina GAIIx (i.e., before HiSeqs became accessible) than Illumina, or anyone else, was supporting. That worked.


We initially developed the iNext set of adapters, because Nextera did not require fragmenting the DNA, Nextera required the lowest amoungof input DNA, and thus, we envisioned using Nextera for a long time. Then, we did a big project using Nextera XT. Some of it worked. 


Illumina TruSeq began dominating the market, and we wanted to be able to combine our custom libraries with TruSeq libraries. KapaBiosciences came out with their kits, sans adapters and primers. So, we developed iTru. We did a bunch of stuff. Most of it worked.


Please see the other Adapterama pages for details of our current systems. We have done a bunch of stuff. It works.


AdapteraMA Publications

1. Glenn, T. C., R. Nilsen, T. J. Kieran, J. W. Finger Jr., T. W. Pierson, K. E. Bentley, S. L. Hoffberg, S. Louha, F. J. Garcia-De Leon, M. A. D. R. Portilla, K. D. Reed, J. L. Anderson, J. K. Meece, S. E. Aggrey, R. Rekaya, M. Alabady, M. Belanger, K. Winker, and B. C. Faircloth. Adapterama I: Universal stubs and primers for thousands of dual-indexed Illumina libraries (iTru & iNext). Preprint at http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/06/15/049114


2. Glenn, T. C., T. W. Pierson, T. J. Kieran, S. L. Hoffberg, J. Thomas, N. J. Bayona-Vasquez, D. E. Lefever, J. W. Finger Jr., B. Gao, X. Bian, S. Louha, R. Kohli, J. Rushmore, K. Wong, T. I. Shaw, M. Rothrock, A. M. McKee, T. L. Guo, R. Mauricio, M. Molina, K. Lu, and B. C. Faircloth. Adapterama II: Universal amplicon sequencing on Illumina platforms (TaggiMatrix). Preprint on BioRxiv soon!


3. Glenn, T. C., N. J. Bayona-Vasquez, T. J. Kieran, T. W. Pierson, S. L. Hoffberg, P. A. Scott, K. E. Bentley, J. W. Finger Jr., P. R. Watson, S. Louha, N. Troendle, P. Diaz-Jaimes, R. Mauricio, M. Molina, K. Lu, and B. C. Faircloth. (2017) Adapterama III: Quadruple-indexed, triple-enzyme RADseq libraries for about $1USD per Sample (3RAD). https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/10/19/205799


4. Hoffberg, S. L., T. J. Kieran, J. M. Catchen, A. Devault, B. C. Faircloth, R. Mauricio, T. C. Glenn. 2016. RADcap: Sequence capture of dual-digest RADseq libraries with identifiable duplicates and reduced missing data. Molecular Ecology Resources 16(5):1264-1278. doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.12566, PMID:27416967, original preprint: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/04/20/044651